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Research Article
Theoretical Justification of the Parameters of a Rotary Loosening Blade for Inter-row Tillage in Potato Cultivation
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
59-63
Received:
11 September 2026
Accepted:
22 September 2026
Published:
9 October 2026
Abstract: In potato cultivation, mechanical inter-row tillage plays an important role in loosening the soil, eliminating weeds, crushing soil clods, and creating favorable soil conditions for the development of the plant root system. The effectiveness of inter-row tillage largely depends on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the working tools and their interaction with the soil. The aim of this study is to theoretically substantiate the main geometric and kinematic parameters of a rotary loosening blade designed for inter-row tillage in potato cultivation. The study analyzes the principal geometric parameters of the rotary blade, including the bending angle, lateral angle, bending line angle, tangential edge height, bending radius, rotational radius, working width, and cutting-edge characteristics. For the theoretical analysis, the rotational radius of the rotary loosener was assumed to be 0.17 m, with four blades mounted on one side of the disc. The blade wing length was taken as 0.07 m, while the sharpening angle of the cutting edge was set at 30°. Based on the obtained theoretical relationships, the main kinematic parameters of the rotary loosener were determined for different operating conditions. At a rotor rotational speed of 120–140 rpm, the corresponding angular velocity was calculated as 12.57–14.66 rad/s, while the peripheral velocity of the blade tip ranged from 2.14 to 2.49 m/s. At an aggregate travel speed of 3–5 km/h, the kinematic operating mode coefficient varied from 1.54 to 2.99. The obtained results provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate geometric and kinematic parameters of rotary loosening blades and can be used in the design and improvement of mechanical inter-row tillage equipment for potato cultivation.
Abstract: In potato cultivation, mechanical inter-row tillage plays an important role in loosening the soil, eliminating weeds, crushing soil clods, and creating favorable soil conditions for the development of the plant root system. The effectiveness of inter-row tillage largely depends on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the working tools and thei...
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Research Article
Integration of a Photovoltaic Power System and a Solar Water Heater at an Industrial Facility: Data Reconciliation, Hybrid Energy Balance, and Measurement and Verification Methodology
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
64-71
Received:
29 August 2026
Accepted:
10 September 2026
Published:
14 October 2026
Abstract: Industrial facilities increasingly combine photovoltaic electricity and solar thermal heat, but audit reports may compare incompatible energy records or aggregate electrical and thermal savings into a single figure. This creates a risk of overstating system performance and double counting displaced energy. This study develops a data-quality-aware measurement and verification methodology for an existing 40 kW rooftop photovoltaic system and a proposed 400 L/day solar water-heating system at an industrial confectionery facility. Audit records were classified by temporal coverage, measurement source, and alternating-current/direct-current boundary; partial-period specific yields were calculated; photovoltaic performance indicators were structured in accordance with IEC 61724-1; useful thermal demand was estimated from the water mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature rise; and a 50-85% solar-fraction sensitivity analysis was integrated with separate electricity and heat ledgers. The audit reports 52.5 MWh for July-December 2025 and 36.2 MWh for January-April 2026, corresponding to partial-period specific yields of 1,312.5 and 905 kWh/kWp. These values cannot be compared directly with a separate 26.928 MWh annual forecast until meter identity, capacity boundary, period completeness, and self-consumption/export allocation are reconciled. For the 400 L load, 18.6 kWh of useful heat is required per cycle, and annual useful solar heat varies from 3.39 to 5.77 MWh over the investigated solar-fraction range. The proposed architecture prevents double counting by maintaining separate physical ledgers and integrating them only at the cost, emissions, or primary-energy layer. Data reconciliation and uncertainty disclosure are therefore prerequisites for credible technical and economic decisions.
Abstract: Industrial facilities increasingly combine photovoltaic electricity and solar thermal heat, but audit reports may compare incompatible energy records or aggregate electrical and thermal savings into a single figure. This creates a risk of overstating system performance and double counting displaced energy. This study develops a data-quality-aware m...
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Research Article
Technological and Hygienic Characteristics of Knitted Fabrics for Cosmetological Compression Masks
Mukhtarova Nargiza*
,
Khankhadjaeva Nilufar
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
72-76
Received:
21 September 2026
Accepted:
30 September 2026
Published:
20 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajma.20261304.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The development of functional knitted materials for cosmetological and post-surgical applications requires a comprehensive assessment of their technological, structural, and hygienic characteristics. This study investigates six variants of knitted fabrics intended for the manufacture of cosmetological compression mask products. The experimental materials were evaluated according to surface density, thickness, air permeability, moisture absorption, and volumetric density. These indicators are particularly important for mask products intended to maintain contact with the facial skin, provide controlled compression, preserve dimensional stability, and ensure an acceptable level of physiological comfort. The experimental results demonstrated considerable differences among the six variants. Surface density ranged from 379.5 to 661.8 g/m2, thickness from 1.20 to 2.20 mm, air permeability from 17.43 to 65.4 cm3/(cm2·s), moisture absorption from 5.9 to 11.8%, and volumetric density from 205.2 to 413.6 mg/cm3. The results demonstrate that structural parameters of knitted fabrics significantly affect the functional performance of cosmetological mask materials. Variants with lower thickness and higher air permeability may provide improved physiological comfort, whereas materials with higher surface and volumetric density can provide a more compact structure and potentially greater mechanical stability. The obtained data can be used for selecting rational knitted structures for cosmetological compression masks and for further development of functional medical and cosmetological textile products.
Abstract: The development of functional knitted materials for cosmetological and post-surgical applications requires a comprehensive assessment of their technological, structural, and hygienic characteristics. This study investigates six variants of knitted fabrics intended for the manufacture of cosmetological compression mask products. The experimental mat...
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Research Article
Development of a Mechanism for the Automatic Separation and Page Turning of Book Pages in a Disinfection Device
Azamat Yusupov*,
Zafarbek Burkhonov
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
77-83
Received:
22 September 2026
Accepted:
30 September 2026
Published:
20 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajma.20261304.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: The disinfection of books and other printed materials is an important hygienic procedure in libraries, archives, educational institutions, and other facilities where large quantities of printed materials are stored and regularly used. Conventional disinfection procedures often require manual opening and turning of individual pages, which can be time-consuming and may result in uneven exposure of pages to the disinfectant. Therefore, the development of an automated mechanism capable of sequentially separating and turning individual book pages is an important technical task. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop and substantiate a mechanism for the automatic separation and page turning of individual book pages during the disinfection process. The proposed mechanism is intended to reduce manual intervention, ensure sequential page turning, improve the uniformity of disinfectant exposure, and minimize the risk of mechanical damage to books. Methods: The structural and functional principles of the proposed mechanism were investigated, with particular attention to the processes of separating adjacent pages, transferring a single page, and synchronizing page turning with the disinfection cycle. The operating sequence of the mechanical elements was analyzed to prevent simultaneous feeding of multiple pages, incomplete page turning, excessive deformation, and tearing. Controlled mechanical elements and sensors were incorporated into the system to detect the position and movement of pages and to coordinate the operation of the drive mechanism. The interaction between the page-separation unit, page-transfer mechanism, sensors, and drive system was considered to ensure stable and sequential operation. Results: The developed mechanism provides controlled separation and sequential turning of individual pages, allowing the pages to be exposed more uniformly during the disinfection process. The use of sensors for detecting page position and movement improves the coordination between the page-turning mechanism and the disinfection cycle. The proposed technical solution also reduces the probability of simultaneous feeding of several pages and mechanical damage associated with uncontrolled page movement. Conclusion: The proposed automatic page-separation and turning mechanism provides a technical basis for increasing the productivity and operational reliability of book disinfection equipment while preserving the physical condition of printed materials. The developed approach can be applied in libraries, archives, educational institutions, and other facilities requiring regular automated hygienic treatment of books and similar printed materials.
Abstract: Background: The disinfection of books and other printed materials is an important hygienic procedure in libraries, archives, educational institutions, and other facilities where large quantities of printed materials are stored and regularly used. Conventional disinfection procedures often require manual opening and turning of individual pages, whic...
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